历史上的耶稣

毫不含糊地说，耶稣基督复活的证据铁证如山，使人们不得不接受。

——Lionel Luckhoo先生，世界上最重要的出庭律师

这是哪一年?你读这的时候，无论哪一年都代表耶稣基督诞生的年数¹。它源自事实上的国际标准公历，是世界上绝大多数国家使用的日历系统。你经常在日期上看到的AD实际上是“主的生年”²。

耶稣基督的历史事实

尽管对于它所代表的事件的意义来说，这一年是一个巨大的历史印记，但它本身并没有为耶稣基督提供历史证据。令许多人感到意外的是，即使是最反基督教的、进步的、自由主义的学者也认为以下是历史事实：

• 耶稣基督是真实存在的历史人物。 ³
• 耶稣基督声称自己是神(三位一体的神的儿子)。⁴
• 耶稣基督被钉死在十字架上，然后被埋葬。⁵
• 几天后，耶稣基督的坟墓空无一物。⁶
• 许多目击者声称看到了基督的复活。⁷
• 门徒们从怀疑的懦夫变成了勇敢的人。⁸
• 怀疑论者雅各(耶稣的兄弟)和曾迫害过基督徒的保罗后来改信基督教。⁹

甚至最反对基督教的学者也认为这些是历史事实。批评人士常试图通过质疑为什么坟墓是空的寻找破绽。事实如此完善，批评者对以上任何一个事实的挑战都暴露了他是同行中的骗子。让我们看看这个空墓穴。

 空墓穴-犹太人的观点

犹太人认为耶稣的门徒偷走了他的身体来宣扬他们的宗教，这在圣经历史中有记载，并被今天的犹太人承认(马太福音28:13-15)。但这一直是一个薄弱的论点假设。1)墓由训练有素的罗马警卫把守；2)墓被罗马的官方封锁,除非看守允许，否则任何从坟墓里偷东西的人都会被判处死刑；3)许多人目睹耶稣受难后升天。

空墓穴-伊斯兰教的观点

首先要注意的是，穆斯林是非常热心的反基督教信徒。他们坚信的耶稣存在，但仅仅是作为“安拉的信使”。穆斯林学者坚持认为耶稣没有复活，而这是基督教的一个重要信条。相反，他们坚持认为要么他没有死在十字架上，要么是上帝把一个人变得像耶稣，而这个人被钉死在十字架上。那个人被钉十字架之后，耶稣和他的门徒们见面，然后被带进天堂。这当然是一个与相关的历史证据不相符的故事。许多去了坟墓的门徒存在大量书面记录，说基督从死里复活了。这表明，穆斯林学者对这个空墓穴没有真正的答案。

 空墓穴-自由观

许多世俗说法尝试去解释空墓穴，或许最臭名昭著的是逾越节的阴谋¹⁰。简短的说一下这个愚昧的故事，据说耶稣在十字架上提出了一个详细的计划，让人在十字架上给他一种药来装死。计划是这样的：当他要求一个追随者解渴的时候，追随者会给他一种装死药，然后亚利马太人约瑟就把他从十字架上取下来。等他痊愈以后，他就可以到处走，告诉每一个人他从死里复活了。当罗马卫兵用长矛刺穿他的侧身时，阴谋挫败了。我希望读者能意识到这个故事的极度绝望，这只会支持一个空墓穴的论证。

著名的历史学家和新约学者加里·哈贝马斯博士研究表明：

“绝大多数当代批评学者似乎都支持，至少在某种程度上支持，耶稣埋葬在一个后来被发现是空的坟墓的观点。”⁶

所以我要提醒怀疑论者的问题是——如果你质疑这些支持空墓穴的事实，那么为什么支持你的观点的、对基督教怀有敌意的的学者，他们承认支持空墓穴的历史证据是真的?

结论是

没有任何宗教历史人物能与这一长串强有力的证据相接近。这些证据不仅证明耶稣基督是真实存在的历史人物，而且是如他所说的，上帝的人类形式。Lionel Luckhoo先生有245个无罪判决，被广泛认为是史上最好的出庭律师，14年被列为吉尼斯世界纪录中“世界上最成功的倡导者”。在花了数年时间从一位出庭律师的角度研究证据后，他写道:

我谦卑地补充说，我已经在世界上许多地方担任了42年的辩护律师，现在仍处于积极的实践中。我很幸运地在陪审团审判中取得了一些成功。我毫不含糊地说，毫无疑问，耶稣基督复活的证据铁证如山，使人们不得不接受。¹¹

Other Religions       Closing Argument

1. There is actually some debate on the exact year, but the point is that the year is intended to reflect the time since Jesus’s birth.
2. In more recent times many now use C.E. for “Common Era” and B.C.E. for “Before Common Era” for politically correct reasons. There are few exceptions to nations who use a different calendar system. Its probably no surprise the small exceptions list includes Islamic countries such as Saudi Arabia and Iran.
3. For example, from secular Wikipedia, “…with very few exceptions, such critics generally do support the historicity of Jesus” – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus.
4. The vast majority of support for this comes from the Bible itself (e.g. Mark 14.61-64) , but there is also extra Biblical evidence, such as from the famous Jewish Historian Josephus who referred to “”the brother of Jesus the so-called Christ.” – Josephus, Antiquities xx. 200
5. “The baptism of Jesus and his crucifixion are considered to be two historically certain facts about Jesus.” – Wikipedia, numerous citations: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus.
6. The Empty Tomb of Jesus by Dr Gary Habermas provides 20 solid reasons why history demands that the tomb was indeed empty. It’s perhaps the most powerful argument for the historical evidence for Jesus.
7. The Bible refers to many witnesses in 1 Cor. 15:3-8.  Studies done by A. N. Sherwin-White, a scholar of ancient Roman and Greek history at Oxford, showed that it would take more than two generations for myth and legend to distort the historical facts in any meaningful way. New Testament scholar and skeptic Gerd Lüdemann admits that “It may be taken as historically certain that Peter and the disciples had experiences after Jesus’ death in which Jesus appeared to them as the risen Christ.” (What Really Happened?, p. 80). Famous atheist Antony Flew (who late in life renounced atheism), also acknowledged while he was still an atheist that the disciples witnessed a risen Christ.
8. See Acts 4:13. People may be willing to die for something they know to be true, but not for something they know to be false.
9. Obviously the greatest evidence for Paul and his conversion is the wide textual and archaeological evidence for the accounts given in the Bible, and from the letters of the early church fathers. There is also extra-biblical evidence for James from Josephus who mentions “”James the brother of Jesus” as a person who was stoned for his beliefs (Antiquities of the Jews , Book 20, Chapter 9, 1).
10. Schonfield, Hugh Joseph (1965). The Passover Plot: a New Interpretation of the Life and Death of Jesus.
11. Sir Lionel Luckhoo, The Question Answered: Did Jesus Rise from the Dead? Luckhoo Booklets, back page. http://www.hawaiichristiansonline.com/sir_lionel.html.